He unification of italy and germany was masterminded by strong leaders who relied on. the main leaders were otto von bismarck in germany and in italy. these leaders used to unite people in supporting their aims. nextreset

I believe the answers are: realpolitik, Count Camillo di Cavour and nationalism.

The unification of Italy and Germany was masterminded by strong leaders who relied on realpolitik - the notion that politics must be conducted in terms of the realistic assessment of power and the self-interest of individual nation-states. The realpolitik was firstly mastered by Otto von Bismarck.

The main leaders of unification were Otto von Bismarck in Germany (Prussia) and in Italy Count Camillo di Cavour, who unified Italy with realpolitik after Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi failed in their attempt to create an Italy united by democracy.

These leaders used nationalism, a political and social system that advocates the political independence for a particular country and creation of strong patriotic feelings, principles and efforts, to unite people in supporting their aims and unify the countries, which was their primary goal.