Last night in class, Upe asked her instructor about the flow of positive and negative ions into and/or out of a cell. Her instructor told her that the two processes involved in this movement are: A. diffusion and electrostatic pressure. B. glia and microglia. C. agonists and antagonists. D. voluntary and involuntary.

Question

Biology

Hudson Arellano

23 February, 15:42

Last night in class, Upe asked her instructor about the flow of positive and negative ions into and/or out of a cell. Her instructor told her that the two processes involved in this movement are: A. diffusion and electrostatic pressure. B. glia and microglia. C. agonists and antagonists. D. voluntary and involuntary.

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Sam Farley · Answer 1

Last night in class, Upe asked her instructor about the flow of positive and negative ions into and/or out of a cell. Her instructor told her that the two processes involved in this movement are: A. diffusion and electrostatic pressure. B. glia and microglia. C. agonists and antagonists. D. voluntary and involuntary.

The Answer is option A (diffusion and electrostatic pressure)

Explanation:

How diffusion act on groups of ions:

Ions are diffused when ions move from regions of high concentration to regions of lower concentration.

For Potassium Ion, potassium remains in high concentrations inside the cell, diffusion tends to push Potassium ion outside the cell.

For chloride ion (Cl-), remains in high concentration outside the cell, diffusion pushes it inside the cell.

While, sodium ion (Na+) is more concentrated outside the cell, diffusion pushes sodium ion inside the cell.

How electrostatic pressure act on groups of ions:

Electrostatic pressure is a surface charge that experiences a force in the presence of an electric field and can be described as the force on two ions with similar charge and the force of two ions with opposite charge.

For Potassium ion, the positive charge of Potassium ion is attracted to the negative charge inside the cell, hence, electrostatic pressure pushes Potassium ion inside the cell.

For chloride ion (Cl-), since the negative charge of chloride ion is attracted to the positive charge outside the cell, electrostatic pressure pushes chloride ion outside the cell.

For Sodium ion (Na+), since the positive charge of sodium is attracted to the negative charge inside the cell, electrostatic pressure pushes sodium ion inside the cell. But, sodium ion cannot permeate the cell membrane and remains in high concentration outside the cell.