What concept involves breaking down the production of a product into a series of small, elementary tasks, each of which is performed by a different worker?

work or job specialization

Explanation:

Work specialization is based on the division of labor, i. e. dividing the work activities into smaller separate tasks. Each worker is responsible for performing only one or a few separate tasks and by doing so will specialize in its performance. As he workers specialize in performing certain tasks, overall efficiency and total output should increase.