What are some of the variables that cause uneven heating on earth surfuce

One variable is how Earth has a tilted rotation. The sun heats the equator, or the center, of Earth the most, while the north and south poles get the least amount. Another variable is how only one side can be facing the sun at a time, which means it's colder (night) on one side of the earth and warmer (day) on the other side.

1 - global patterns of wind

2 - warm air rises causing most warm air to go to the equator