Does a catalyst increase reaction rate by the same means as a risen temperature does?

NO, The reaction rate cannot be same in both the cases.

Explanation:

The rate of a reaction is affected by various factors such as:

Temperature, pressure of the reactants, concentration of the reactants, surface area of the solid reactant, nature of the reactants and on the presence or absence of the catalyst.

The rate of a reaction is directly proportional to the temperature of the reactants, if the temperature (Kelvins) coefficient of the reactants is doubled the rate of the reaction is also doubled. As the temperature increases the kinetic energy of the particles of the reactants increases which causes the particles to collide more rapidly causing the reaction to occur at a fast rate. On the other hand the effect of catalyst is not similar to the the effect of the temperature on the rate of the reaction. As a catalyst reduces the threshold energy of reaction by increasing the number of the molecules of the reactants that will cause more kinetic energy of the molecules of the reactants which reduces the required activation energy for the reaction to occur.