Identify the bonds between each pair of elements as nonpolar covalent, moderately polar covalent, very polar covalent, or ionic a. H + Br b. K + Cl c. C + O d. Cl + F e. Li + O f. Br + Br

Answer: a) H + Be = polar covalent bond

b) K + Cl = Ionic Bond

c) C + O = non-polar covalent bond

d) Cl + F = moderately covalent bond

e) Li + O = Ionic Bond

f) Br + Br = non-polar covalent bond

Explanation: a) H + Br = polar covalent bond; this is so because the electronegativity difference between H & Br is very great. Electronegativity is defined as the tendency of an atom to pull electrons towards itself. Bromine is way more electronegative than Hydrogen thereby leading to a stronger pull of electrons towards the Br atom in an H+Br covalent bond. This results in a slightly - ve charge on the Br atom and a slight + ve charge on the H atom in the H+Br covalent bond.

b) K + Cl = Ionic Bond

K, potassium is a known electropositive metal & Cl is a greatly electronegative non-metal. The bond between them is formed when potassium transfers its valence electron to Chlorine. Thereby leading to a stable outer octet for the two ions (K + and Cl-) that result.

c) C + O = non-polar covalent bond

The bond between these two is non-polar covalent because they're both non-metals with very similar electronegativity values. The electronegativity difference between C and O is about 0.35, which is really small to cause any polar effects. Therefore, the shared electrons would be much closer to the centre of the bond than to any of the participating atoms.

d) Cl + F = moderately polar covalent bond

This is so because, Fluorine, the most electronegative element is moderately more electronegative than Chlorine. The electronegativity difference between both atoms is almost 1.0 (0.86). So, this means the electrons in a shared bond between the two atoms will be closer to the Fluorine atom than the Chlorine atom, but not as evident as in the HBr case.

e) Li + O = Ionic Bond; Li is a metal and Oxygen is a non metal. The bond between them results from the transfer of two valence electrons (one from each of two Li atoms) to complete the Octet of the Oxygen atom thereby leading to the formation of 2Li + ions and one O2 - ions in the resulting Li2O ionic compound.

f) Br + Br = non-polar covalent bond; this is due to the zero electronegativity difference between the two non-metal atoms involved in the formation of this covalemt bond.