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31 March, 11:05

A solution is prepared by mixing 50.0 mL toluene (C6H5CH3 d=0.867 g/mL) with 125 mL Benzene (C6H6 d=0.874 g/mL). Assuming that the volumes add upon mixing, calculate the mass percent, mole fraction, molality, and molarity of the toluene.

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  1. 31 March, 11:22
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    mass % = 28.4%

    mole fraction = 0.252

    molality = 3.08 molal

    molarity = 2.69 M

    Explanation:

    Step 1: Data given

    Volume of toluene = 50.0 mL = 0.05 L

    Density toluene = 0.867 g/mL

    Molar mass toluene = 92.14 g/mol

    Volume of benzene = 125 mL = 0.125 L

    Density benzene = 0.874 g/mL

    Molar mass benzene = 78.11 g/mol

    Step 2: Calculate masses

    Mass = density * volume

    Mass toluene = 50.0 mL * 0.867 g/mL = 43.35 g

    Mass benzene = 125 mL * 0.874 g/mL = 109.25 g

    Step 3: Calculate number of moles

    Moles = mass / molar mass

    Moles toluene = 43.35 grams / 92.14 g/mol = 0.470 5 moles

    Moles benzene = 109.25 grams / 78.11 g/mol = 1.399 moles

    Step 4: Calculate molarity of toluene

    Molarity = moles / volume

    Molarity toluene = 0.4705 moles / 0.175 L = 2.69 M

    Step 5: Calculate mass % of toluene

    Mass % = (43.35 grams / (43.35 + 109.25)) * 100 % = 28.4 %

    Step 6: Calculate mole fraction of toluene

    Mole fraction toluene = Moles toluene / total number of moles

    Mole fraction toluene = 0.4705 / (0.4705 + 1.399) = 0.252

    Step 7: Molality of toluene

    Molality = number of moles / mass

    Molality of toluene = 0.4705 moles / (0.04335 + 0.10925)

    Molality of toluene = 3.08 molal
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