g What field in the IPv4 datagram header can be used to ensure that a packet is forwarded through no more than N routers? When a large datagram is fragmented into multiple smaller datagrams, where are these smaller datagrams reassembled into a single larger datagram? Do routers have IP addresses? If so, how many? How many bits do we have in an IPv6 address? We use hexadecimal digits (each with 4 bits) to represent an IPv6 address. How many hexadecimal digits do we need to represent an IPv6 address?

a) Time to live field

b) Destination

c) Yes, they have two ip addresses.

d) 128 bits

e) 32 hexadecimal digits

Explanation:

a) the time to live field (TTL) indicates how long a packet can survive in a network and whether the packet should be discarded. The TTL is filled to limit the number of packets passing through N routers.

b) When a large datagram is fragmented into multiple smaller datagrams, they are reassembled at the destination into a single large datagram before beung passed to the next layer.

c) Yes, each router has a unique IP address that can be used to identify it. Each router has two IP addresses, each assigned to the wide area network interface and the local area network interface.

d) IPv6 addresses are represented by eight our characters hexadecimal numbers. Each hexadecimal number have 16 bits making a total of 128 bits (8 * 16)

e) IPv6 address has 32 hexadecimal digits with 4 bits/hex digit