What were the factors that led to the downfall of empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai?

The three kingdoms are seen to fall due to drought factors, and the lack of good leadership.

Explanation:

Ghana, Mali, Songhai were the famous three kingdoms that ruled West Africa one after one. Ghana was a state which had huge wealth and strong trade during 500 A. D. They traded through a silent barter system to keep the location of their gold mines to be secret.

Ghana was collapsed due to the drought and arrival of Almoravid by the early 13th century. Mali was also a great kingdom. It was taken down after the death of Mansa Musa.

Since the son of Mansa Musa could not stop the invaders from the southeast. By the 16th century, the Mali kingdom had fallen and also broken apart. Songhai was taken by Mali in the 14th century. But they rebelled and gained back their freedom in the 15th century.

Songhai arose as the most powerful and also the wealthy empire in West Africa. It has fallen by Morocco by trying to control the trade routes of trans-Saharan. Sultan el-Mansoor was never trained to control the vast territory.