A 13 foot ladder leans on a wall. The bottom of the ladder is 5 feet from the wall. If the bottom is pulled out 3 feet farther from the wall, how far does the top of the ladder move down the wall? (Hint: the ladder, wall and the ground form a right triangle.)

This requires Pythagoras' theorem which says that the square of the hypotenuse = square of another side + the square of another side.

Therefore, a² = b² + c² where a is the length of the ladder, and b and c are the wall and floor.

If the ladder is 13 feet long, and the bottom of the ladder is 5 feet long then:

13² = 5² + c²

So 13² - 5² = c²

So c² = 144, and √144 = 12. So c = 12.

The second part is:

13² = 8² (because 5 + 3 = 8) + c²

Therefore, 13² - 8² = c²

c² = 105

c = √105 so c = 10.25 (rounded to 2 dp)

Finally, since c indicates how high the ladder is against the wall, to find the distance moved you need to do 12 - 10.25 so the distance moved is 1.75 feet.