The sum of two numbers is 43. The smaller number is 19 less than the larger number. What are the numbers?

Let the smaller number be x and the larger number be y.

We can calculate this by using simultaneous equation, aka listing 2 equations out.

From given,

X + y = 43

Let this be equation no. 1

X + 19 = y

Let this number be equation 2.

We can do simultaneous equations either by substitute method or elimination. In this case I'm using substitute.

We can already obtain the value of y (in terms of x) in euqation no. 2, so all we gonna do is to put y into equation 1.

X + x + 19 = 43

Solve this by algebra.

2x = 43 - 19

X = 12

Now we know the exact value of x

Now substitute x = 12 into equation no. 2

12 + 19 = y

Y = 31

So the answer is 12 and 31