When Carlos was promoted, he moved into a new office with a new phone extension. Every time he is asked for his phone number, Carlos first thinks of his old extension, illustrating the effects of A. proactive interference B. storage failure C. encoding failure D. retroactive interference E. working memory failure

Answer: Proactive interference

Explanation: While implementing changes, an individual may experience mix up or interference while trying to establish, store or retrieve latest changes. Therfore, proactive interference occurs when the recall of a newer information is obstructed by the presence of an older information in memory This interference is often caused by previous or older information in memory. In the scenario above, the inference in memory recall which occurs when Carlos intends to provide his new extension but rather thinks about his old extension first is called proactive interference.

Proactive interference

Explanation:

Proactive interference occurs when the past memories of an individual interfere with the ability to retain new memories. In other words, it is the interference effect of some that has been learnt previously on the ability to acquire or retrieve new information. An example is when an individual is memorizing a new list of information, and when trying to remember the later part of the list, the earlier part of the list interferes in retrieving the later part of the list.

Therefore, the difficulty Carlos have in remembering the new phone number after previously learning the old phone number is referred to as proactive interference