The text says that the American and British demand for unconditional surrender was actually a

sign of weakness? Why? What were the effects of this policy, both during and after the war?

The Second World War (WWII) was one of the major transformative events of the 20th century, with 39 million deaths in Europe alone.

Periods of hunger became more common even in relatively prosperous Western Europe.

Putting aside the very real human cost, war has also serious economic costs - loss of buildings, infrastructure, a decline in the working population, uncertainty, rise in debt and disruption to normal economic activity.

If wars alter long-term economic growth, they would permanently depress economic prospects of future generations so they had to surrender.

Mortality rate has reduced, lack of father to children and the war has cause severe hungers