What is the purpose of a rose window in a religious space?

Rose windows have multiple meanings. Most windows have 12 sections of the panel, which could relate to the fact that there is twelve apostles.

But if you are looking for a symbolic meaning, the Trinity / or / concept of The Father, The Son, and the Holy Spirit as three in one.

There's also the reason light is allowed through the panels. Most likely to convey or bring the feel of something divine looking above the church members.