If a sperm cell in a dog has 40 chromosomes how many chromosomes will be found in its liver cells

Sperm cells are gametes cells, which is also called haploid cells. This means they have half the chromosome numbers of other body cells. These cells are the result of meiosis, a kind of cell division that produces 4 daughter cells with halved numbers of chromosomes.

And liver cell is a kind of regular body (somatic) cells. They're called diploid cells. They have double number of chromosomes than haploid cells. They're result of mitosis, a kind of cell division that produces 2 daughter cells that are genetically identical to both the other daughter cell and the parent cell.

So the answer is 80 chromosomes, this number can be obtained by multiplying 40 by 2, which makes 80.