As of 2011, incidence of which chronic disease had more than doubled tripled over the previous 31 years?

It is diabetes. As of 2016, 422 million people have diabetes worldwide. This number was approximately 382 million in 2013 and 108 million in 1980. M ales exceed females in many populations with higher type 2 incidence. The possible reason is sex-related differences in insulin sensitivity, obesity and fat deposition in the body, considering other factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, and alcohol intake.