A client reports after a back massage that his lower back pain has decreased from 8 to 3 on the pain scale. what opioid neuromodulator does the nurse know is released with skin stimulation and is more than likely responsible for this increased level of comfort?

The neuromodulator is endorphin.

Our pituitary gland produces them in response to the pain. Their production can be triggered by activities like exercise, massages and laughter.

Endorphins inhibit the transmission of pain signals and can also produce a feeling of euphoria like other opioids.