How could activating a transcription factor cause long-term cellular changes?

The role of the effector (s) that result in a short-term cellular change in a changing the activation state of an enzyme going from inact to act this happens for instance when activating an enzyme to increase sugar metabolism while Long-term cellular changes are generally the result of changes in DNA transcription, i. e. a protein can be made to begin cellular replication by activating the cell cycle.