4. How does energy release from the sun reach Earth? How does the sun's energy interact with Earth's atmosphere and hydrosphere?

See below

Explanation:

The heat source for our planet is the sun. Energy from the sun is transferred through space and through the earth's atmosphere to the earth's surface. Since this energy warms the earth's surface and atmosphere, some of it is or becomes heat energy. There are three ways heat is transferred into and through the atmosphere:

radiation: Radiation is the transfer of heat energy through space by electromagnetic radiation. If you have stood in front of a fireplace or near a campfire, you have felt the heat transfer known as radiation.

conduction: Conduction is the transfer of heat energy from one substance to another or within a substance. Have you ever left a metal spoon in a pot of soup being heated on a stove? After a short time, the handle of the spoon will become hot.

convection: convection is the transfer of heat energy in a fluid. This type of heating is most commonly seen in the kitchen with a boiling liquid.

Sun's energy reach Earth through space and atmosphere of the Earth. The energy of the sun is absorbed by the layer of ozone in atmosphere and solar energy in the hydrosphere is used to create electricity.

Explanation:

Our heat source, the sun when releases energy then it reaches the surface of the Earth through the space and the Earth's atmosphere and make it warm.

While reaching the surface of the Earth the harmful ultra violet ray of the Sun is absorbed by the ozone layer of atmosphere. The energy of the sun in the hydrosphere is used by us to create electricity and water cycle.