What geologic event most likely caused the folding and faulting of these layers?

Folding and faulting - The process in which the layers of the Earth are displaced or moved into a different position due to some forces acted upon them, as there are different reasons due to which the folding and faulting occurs.

The forces are so power full that they can bring the sediments of ocean to level or elevation above the sea level and can have a destructive effects for the living being. As there are various causes for folding and faulting of these layers, some of these forces are given below;

Explanation:

Geological events causing the folding and faulting-

Tectonic Plates movement - The parts of the Earth layer are always sliding over each other, and when they do they produce huge seismic waves. Which then causes the earthquakes, the folding and faulting of these layers.

Volcanic eruptions : It happens rarely as the number of gases and lava from inside the Earth, down from the crust move upward and erupts, producing dust in the atmosphere.

The other two geological causes are;

Intrusive igneous activity, subduction.