For sediment to be transformed into rock, which set of processes must take place?

For sediments to be converted into rocks, initially a rock body or a source rock must be weathered as a result of which these broken materials are produced. This broken rock fragments are then transported from one place to another by the agents such as wind, water and ice. This materials are deposited at a different place where they are subjected to compaction and lithification, resulting in the formation of a clastic sedimentary rock.

The word 'clastic' refers to the broken rock fragments.

For example, shale, sandstone, conglomerate and breccia.

Step 1: weathering of pre-existing rocks Step 2: Transport the weathering rocks Step 3: Desposition of the rocks Step 4: Compaction Step 5: Cementation for the sediment to form a rock.