write a paragraph about "how the atoms in sugar molecules can be used to form amino acids and other large carbon-based molecules."

In principle, it is not directly possible to convert glucose into amino acids. This is because of the reason that glucose has Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in its structure. On the other hand, for amino acids formation, body requires nitrogen (amino group) as well. This supply of nitrogen should come from the nitrogen pool within the body. However, we still can argue that atoms in glucose can be used to make the skeleton of non-essential amino acids, which are then provided with nitrogen to complete amino acids formation process. In a very simplified way, we can summerize this reaction as follows

glucose - > pyruvate - > amino acids (e. g. valine)

Similar is the case with other large carbon based molecules. Through a series of biochemical reactions, glucose metabolites are used to produce large compounds (e. g. glycolysis, citric acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway).