How many traits did Mendel study in pea plants? What was the name of Mendel's paper he published and what year did he send copies of it to scientists worldwide? What organism did Thomas Hunt Morgan study? What is eugenics? Who demonstrated by experimentation in the 1940's that DNA is the genetic molecule? Who discovered the three-dimensional structure of DNA in 1953? What is a retrovirus? How do x-rays affect DNA? What is mitochondrial DNA? What is an intron? What are transposons and who discovered them? What is recombinant DNA? A liver cell and a nerve cell in you body has the same DNA. Why does the liver cell have different structures and functions than a nerve cell? What is a homeobox? When was a rough draft of the human genome project completed? What percent of life stores information in DNA

Mendel studied 7 traits in pea plants and they are: plant height, seed shape, seed color, pod shape, pod color, flower position and flower color. Mendel's paper was titled "Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden" which is German for 'Experiments for Plant Hybridization'. He shared or presented his work to the local scientific organization in 1865 but his findings were later published in 1866. Thomas Hunt Morgan studied the genetic characteristics of the fruit fly. Eugenics is the science or practice of improving the quality of a human population by selective breeding, in order to achieve a desired genetic trait or characteristic. In 1944, Oswald Avery proved that DNA is a genetic molecule. The double helix or three-dimensional structure of the DNA was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. A retrovirus is a virus that contains RNA (Ribonucleic acid) rather than DNA, and overwrites the normal DNA of the host cell, in order to replicate. An example of a Retrovirus is HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). DNA can be directly or indirectly damaged by any ionizing radiation such an x-ray; the radiation may kill the cells or cause genetic injury, which may affect the cell's ability to reproduce itself correctly and cause mutation. Mitochondrial DNA is the DNA or chromosome found inside the mitochondria and it is a gene that can only be passed down from mother to child. An intron is the part of an RNA molecule that is removed before the RNA undergoes translation (process of producing amino acids/proteins). Transposons are DNA sequences that move from one place to another on the genome. They are also known as jumping genes and were discovered by Barbara McClintock in the 1950's. Recombinant DNA is DNA that is formed by the combination of two or more genetic materials from different sources or organisms in order to create a desired sequence in the host organism. Although most cells have the same DNA, they possess different messenger RNA's (mRNA's). The mRNA is responsible for the combination of genes that are switched on or off in each cell and this determines the different structures and functions of a cell. A homeobox is a gene with a short DNA sequence which is responsible for the normal anatomical (structural) development of an organism at the embryotic stage. A rough draft of the human genome project was completed in June, 2000.