9. Consider the need for accuracy in the flow of information from DNA to RNA to functional protein molecules. What are the different levels of stringency in replication, transcription and translation? What kinds of mechanism improve the accuracy of these processes?

The central dogma of the molecular biology explains the flow of information from the replication of the DNA to the expression of proteins. This central dogma must be error free so that correct information can be transferred. The error in this process can cause life threatening situation. So, the phases of proof reading and rectification is required in this process.

From the DNA replication to the transcription of the RNA and final translation into the proteins requires proof reading mechanisms and many enzymes with the non enzymatic processes. The enzymes of transcription, replication and translation shows high degree of proof reading and works in efficient way. The incorporation of the amino acids, post translation modification makes the information flow as correct as possible.