Which of the following represents an important outcome of looping?

a. establishment of left-right asymmetry

b. specification of the atria and ventricles

c. establishment of anterior-posterior asymmetry

d. development of the secondary heart field

a. establishment of left-right asymmetry

Explanation:

Cardiac looping is the process in which the heart transforms itself from a straight embryonic heart into a loop that is wounded helically. The looping of the heart takes place on the 23rd day of development. As a result of this looping, there is bending of the cranial portion of the heart to the towards the right end and the caudal portion of the heart towards the left end. At the end of this looping the atrium takes up a dorsal and cranial position and the ventricle is displaced towards left. Thus, the outcome of looping is the establishment of left-right asymmetry.