The concentration neurotransmitters in the fluid of the synaptic cleft must be tightly regulated for neurons to function properly. Which of the following cells is most responsible for aiding in this regulation?

A) satellite cells

B) astrocytes

C) Schwann cells

D) oligodendrocytes

B) astrocytes

Explanation:

Astrocytes are one of the four types of neuroglia of the central nervous system classified on the basis of their shape, cytoplasmic processes, and structure. Astrocytes are the star-shaped cells and have many cytoplasmic processes. They are the largest and most numerous of the neuroglia. One of the functions of astrocytes is to maintain the appropriate chemical environment for the generation of nerve impulses.

One of the strategies to do it is to regulate the concentration of important ions such as K+. In addition, astrocytes also take up excess neurotransmitters and regulate their concentration in the synaptic cleft. For example, astrocytes take up excess glutamate at the excitatory synapses and convert it into glutamine which in turn is sent back of the neurons.