What is it called when scientists carefully examine a new result by someone else in their field of study

Peer review

Explanation:

Peer review is the evaluation of work, idea or research via close examination of others that are expert in that field or that are in same competence.

It has importance in publishing the work, by letting the author to know about its remarks. It is a way to improve quality of work, and quality of that particular journal in which it will be published.