Proteins on the surface of vesicles determine where the vesicles go. Which cell organelle provides the instructions for these proteins?

The rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes on its surface which have the function of protein production. The protein is created is found in the lumen of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and gets folded and tagged with a molecule of carbohydrate through the process of glycosylation and this marks the protein for the transport into the golgi apparatus.

The function of the golgi apparatus is modification, sorting and packaging of the proteins and the lipids for either secretion or transport to other organelle. Golgi apparatus is responsible where the cellular contents have to be transported and provides the instruction to the proteins.