Nitrofurantoin used during the fifth week of pregnancy places the neonate at risk for which condition?

Nitrofurantoin is antibiotic drug commonly used to treat urinary tract infections in pregnant women because of its safety and effective use (the body quickly filters it out). It is not recommended to be used in late pregnancy due to the potential risk of hemolytic anemia in the newborn.

But, recent studies suggested that there is a possible association between congenital malformations following exposure to nitrofurantoin during the first trimester of pregnancy.