The fact that whales, humans, and cats all have the same bones in the same order, but they matured differently in later embryological development, is an example of:

Homologous structure

Explanation:

Homologous structures refers to organs or bones that have similar anatomical features found in different animals that are suggested to have the same common ancestor and serves as an evidence of evolution.

Whakes, humans and cats have similar bones in the same order but different in function.