Which anatomical description is true of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Parasympathetic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system

Introduction The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Its general function is to control homeostasis and the body's rest-and-digest response. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is one of two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Its general action is to mobilize the body's fight-or-flight response.

Function Control the body's response while at rest. Control the body's response during perceived threat.

Originates in Sacral region of spinal cord, medulla, cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, and 10 Thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord

Activates response of Rest and digest Fight-or-flight

Neuron Pathways Longer pathways, slower system Very short neurons, faster system

General Body Response Counterbalance; restores body to state of calm. Body speeds up, tenses up, becomes more alert. Functions not critical to survival shut down.

Cardiovascular System (heart rate) Decreases heart rate Increases contraction, heart rate

Pulmonary System (lungs) Bronchial tubes constrict Bronchial tubes dilate

Musculoskeletal System Muscles relax Muscles contract

Pupils Constrict Dilate

Gastrointestinal System Increases stomach movement and secretions Decreases stomach movement and secretions

Salivary Glands Saliva production increases Saliva production decreases

Adrenal Gland No involvement Releases adrenaline

Glycogen to Glucose Conversion No involvement Increases; converts glycogen to glucose for muscle energy

Urinary Response Increase in urinary output Decrease in urinary output

Neurotransmitters neurons are cholinergic: acetylcholine neurons are mostly adrenergic: epinephrine / norepinephrine (acetylcholine)