Which natural disaster actually increases biodiversity over the long term?

All natural disasters affect the ecosystem. They affect lands, forests, and coasts and cause death to people, plants and animal species, the spread of invasive species, and loss of habitat. In the short term, they cause climate change but over time, there are some types of natural disasters that increase biodiversity in the long run. Examples of these are earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and wildfires. They play an important role in rejuvenating the ecosystem that they once destroyed.

In this question, let us cite one specific example:

1. Volcanic eruption. The eruption has an immediate negative effect on surrounding, but through primary succession, the forest begins re-colonization almost immediately. Many plants, insects, and animal species arrive from adjacent places to take up residence. These life forms are adapted to survive in the severe conditions following volcanic eruption causing a new and more diverse forest ecosystem that will last a 150 year period.