Management by exception:

a. advocates the rewarding of exceptional managers

b. provides detailed instructions to all employees except top management

c. requires the justification for

Management by exception holds that only those issues that are significantly deviating from the normal course of action need to be looked at. If the deviations are minor or are likely due to random chance, then management does not need to worry about it at the time. None of the choices presented properly give this definition.