insurer has the right to recover payment made to the insured from the negligent party. These rights are called?

Subrogation

Explanation:

Insurer has the right to recover payment made to the insured from the negligent party.

Subrogation refers t the legal right held by insurance companies to legally sue the third party who caused insurance loss to the insured party to whom they have to make payment. The insurance companies do so in order to recover the claim amount paid by the them to the insured for the loss.

It is worth mentioning that the exercise of such rights of subrogation can be exercised either before paying the insured or after.