C&A Printing takes 10 seconds to print a page in color, but after 500 pages, the printer must be cooled down for 15 minutes. No pages can be printed while the printer is cooling down. C&A's demand rate is 3 pages per minute. What is the smallest batch size to ensure the process is demand-constrained?

Answer: 50%

Explanation:

Demand rate of C and A = 3 pages per minute

Time to print 500 papers = 168 min 10 seconds

As after every 168 minutes and 10 seconds, printer will be cooled down for 15 minutes

1 paper takes 10 seconds to print

In a minute, printer runs for 30 seconds

But Printer runs only for 30 seconds to print 3 papers in total time of 60 seconds per minute

Hence, Utilization = (30/60) * 100

= 50%