When expansionary monetary policy is used to increase aggregate demand, starting from equilibrium, which of the following is true of the beneficial effects of growth and the painful effects of inflation?

a. Benefits of growth;

1. Increased production to meet demand

b. Negative effects of inflation;

1. Increased opportunity cost of holding money

Explanation:

a.

Expansionary monetary policies are government incentives that aim to encourage the growth of the economy by increasing the supply of money in the economy. It involves the boosting of aggregate demand to cover for the shortfalls in private demand. Most economies that go into a recession is usually due to a lack in the aggregate demand. The main purpose of expansionary monetary policy is to encourage spending and investment by encouraging accessibility of money in the economy. When more people have access to money, they tend to invest more into the economy which encourages economic growth. On the same note, when individuals in an economy have money, it increases the availability of disposable income. This means that most people feel much wealthier which encourages them to spend more. Spending also increases demand for goods which encourages production which consequently encourages economic growth.

b.

On the contrary, when expansionary monetary policy exceeds a certain level, it leads to inflation. Inflation is basically the increase in prices in an economy due to increased demand for goods that surpasses the supply. Thus suppliers increase the price since the availability of goods and services is limited. Some effects of inflation include an increased opportunity cost of holding money and discourages investors since they are uncertain over the future.