Punitive damages:

a. are recoverable only when extreme circumstances justify penalizing the defendant.

b. are ordinarily available in contract cases.

c. do not allow plaintiffs to collect damages for injuries such as emotional distress.

d. are not available if the plaintiff can sue in tort for a bad faith breach.

The correct answer is

Explanation:

When a judge or a jury wants to punish outrageous conduct as an example to the convict and others like him or her, it would normally award punitive damage. They are usually monetary.

Punitive damages are different from the primary ruling by the Judge which also imposes penalties for an office committed.

An example of punitive damage is that of MGA V. Mattel where the Jury granted to MGA 85 Million US dollars because they found that Mattel had disreputable and unethical in its conduct.

Cheers!

Answer: are recoverable only when extreme circumstances justify penalizing the defendant. (A)

Explanation:

Punitive damages, also called exemplary damages, are damages assessed to punish the defendant for conducts that are deemed outrageous and to prevent others from engaging in similar acts.

Punitive damages are sometimes awarded when there's a bad faith breach. Punitive damages are not recoverable in case of breach of contract and are only recoverable in cases whereby extreme circumstances justify the defendant to be penalized, such as when the breach of contract is malicious or willful.