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11 April, 21:38

By what factor does the rate change in each of the following cases (assuming constant temperature) ? (a) A reaction is first order in reactant A, and [A] is doubled. (b) A reaction is second order in reactant B, and [B] is halved. (c) A reaction is second order in reactant C, and [C] is tripled.

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  1. 12 April, 00:33
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    a) 2

    b) 1/4

    c) 9

    Explanation:

    a) for a first order reaction in reactant A

    r initial = k*[A initial]

    then if the concentration is doubled [A final ] = 2*[A initial], then

    r final = k*[A final ] = 2 * k*[A initial] = 2*r initial

    then the velocity changes by a factor of 2

    b) for a second order reaction in reactant B

    r initial = k*[B initial]²

    then if the concentration is halved: [B final ] = [B initial]/2, then

    r final = k*[B final ]² = k * ([B initial]/2) ² = k * [B initial]² / 4 = r initial / 4

    then the velocity changes by a factor of 1/4

    c) for a second order reaction in reactant C

    r initial = k*[C initial]²

    then if the concentration is tripled : [C final ] = 3 * [C initial], then

    r final = k*[C final ]² = k * (3*[C initial]) ² = k * [C initial]² * 9 = 9 * r initial

    then the velocity changes by a factor of 9
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