Complete the chemical equation for the formation reaction of ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH, l) from its constituent elements in their standard states. Remember fractional coefficients are possible when balancing equations for the purpose of determining heat of formation.

2C (s, graphite) + 3H₂ (g) + ½O₂ (g) ⟶ C₂H₅OH (ℓ)

Explanation:

The thermodynamic standard state of elements and compounds is defined as their most stable state at 25 °C and 1 bar

The elements in ethanol, C₂H₅OH, are C, H, and O.

Their most stable states at standard conditions are C₂H₅OH (ℓ), C (s, graphite), H₂ (g), and O₂ (g)

The equation for the formation of ethanol from its elements is then

2C (s, graphite) + 3H₂ (g) + ½O₂ (g) ⟶ C₂H₅OH (ℓ)