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27 July, 10:48

Identify the group of elements that corresponds to each of the following generalized electron configurations and indicate the number of unpaired electrons for each: (a) [Noble gas] ns^2 np^5 (b) [noble gas] ns^2 (n-1) d^2 (c) [noble gas] ns^2 (n-1) d^10 np^1 (d) [noble gas] ns^2 (n-2) f^6

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  1. 27 July, 14:27
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    (a) [Noble gas] ns² np⁵: Number of unpaired electron is 1 and belongs to group 17 i. e. halogen group of the periodic table.

    (b) [noble gas] ns² (n-1) d²: Number of unpaired electron is 2 and belongs to group 4 of the periodic table.

    (c) [noble gas] ns² (n-1) d¹⁰ np¹: Number of unpaired electron is 1 and belongs to group 13 of the periodic table.

    (d) [noble gas] ns² (n-2) f⁶ : Number of unpaired electron is 6 and belongs to group 8 of the periodic table.

    Explanation:

    In the Periodic table, the chemical elements are arranged in 7 rows, called periods and 18 columns, called groups. They are organized in increasing order of atomic numbers.

    (a) [Noble gas] ns² np⁵

    As the total number of electrons in the p-orbital is 5. Therefore, the number of unpaired electron is 1.

    This element has 2 electrons in ns orbital and 5 electrons in np orbital. So there are 7 valence electrons.

    Therefore, this element belongs to the group 17 i. e. halogen group of the periodic table.

    (b) [noble gas] ns² (n-1) d²

    As the total number of electrons in the d-orbital is 2. Therefore, the number of unpaired electrons is 2.

    This element has 2 electrons in ns orbital and 2 electrons in (n-1) d orbital. So there are 4 valence electrons.

    Therefore, this element belongs to the group 4 of the periodic table.

    (c) [noble gas] ns² (n-1) d¹⁰ np¹

    As the total number of electrons in the p-orbital is 1. Therefore, the number of unpaired electron is 1.

    This element has 2 electrons in ns orbital and 1 electron in np orbital. So there are 3 valence electrons.

    Therefore, this element belongs to the group 13 of the periodic table.

    (d) [noble gas] ns² (n-2) f⁶

    As the total number of electrons in the f-orbital is 6. Therefore, the number of unpaired electron is 6.

    This element has 2 electrons in ns orbital and 6 electrons in (n-2) f orbital. So there are 8 valence electrons.

    Therefore, this element belongs to the group 8 of the periodic table.
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