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29 July, 17:11

In an air-conditioned room at 19.0 ∘C, a spherical balloon had the diameter of 50.0 cm. When taken outside on a hot summer day, the balloon expanded to 51.0 cm in diameter. What was the temperature outside in degrees Celsius?

Assume that the balloon is a perfect sphere and that the pressure and number of moles of air molecules remains the same.

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  1. 29 July, 20:05
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    20.2 °C

    Explanation:

    When the pressure and number of moles are constant, Charles's law may be used to solve for temperature:

    T₁/V₁ = T₂/V₂ >> T₂ = T₁ (V₂/V₁)

    Expressions for the volumes can be substituted and simplified:

    T₂ = T₁ (V₂/V₁) = T₁ (4/3πr₂³/4/3πr₁³) = T₁ (r₂³/r₁³)

    Substituting in values in the equation (where the radius r is half of the diameter) gives:

    T₂ = T₁ (r₂³/r₁³) = (19.0°C) x ((51.0cm/2) ³ / (50.0cm/2) ³) = 20.2 °C
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