In the lab, you choose to design a simple experiment to distinguish between hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. You start by adding equal amounts of vinegar and oil to a container. After shaking, the vinegar and oil levels separate, based upon polarity and density. To this you add glucose and sodium citrate and shake again. Where do you expect to find the glucose and sodium citrate in greatest quantities?

It is known that like dissolves like because the solubility of any solute basically depends on its solvents polarity.

Water loving solutes are known as hydrophilic in nature.

For example, glucose or sugar is able to dissolve in polar solvents like water because they are polar themselves.

Whereas molecules that repel water molecules are known as hydrophobic in nature. So, non-polar molecules do not dissolve in water because they form aggregates and hence, non-polar molecules do not dissolve in polar solvents.

But non-polar solvents dissolve in non-polar solvents.

Hence, when vinegar and oil are mixed together then they will not dissolve because they are immiscible. As vinegar is like water so, it is able to dissolve hydrophilic molecules.

And, oil being non-polar in nature will not dissolve in polar solvents.

Whereas glucose and sodium sitrate are both hydrophilic in nature which means that they will dissolve in water but not in any organic solvent.

Thus, we can conclude that when we add glucose and sodium citrate to a mixture of vinegar then both the solutes will dissolve in it.