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23 November, 12:55

Friction factor for fluid flow in pipe does not depend upon the A. pipe length. B. pipe roughness. C. fluid density & viscosity. D. mass flow rate of fluid.

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  1. 23 November, 13:17
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    C. fluid density & viscosity

    Explanation:

    In 1850, Darcy-Weisbach experimentally deduced an equation to calculate shear losses ("friction"), in a tube with permanent flow and constant diameter:

    hf = (f x L x V^2) / (D x 2g)

    where:

    hf: shear losses

    f: shear loss factor (pipe roughness)

    g: gravity acceleration

    D: tube diameter

    L: tube length

    V: fluid average speed in the tube

    To calculate the loss factor "f" in the Poiseuille laminar region, he proposed in 1846 the following equation:

    f = 64 / Re

    Where:

    Re: Reynolds number

    The influence of the parameters on f is quantitatively different according to the characteristics of the current.

    In any straight pipeline that transports a liquid at a certain temperature, there is a critical speed below which the regimen is laminar. This critical value that marks the transition between the two regimes, laminar and turbulent, corresponds to a Re = 2300, although in practice, between 2000 and 4000 the situation is quite inaccurate. Thus:

    Re <2000: laminar regimen

    2000
    Re> 4000: turbulent regime
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