How genetic conditions are transmitted from one person to another

there are 5 ways this could happen

Autosomal dominant inheritance: a child recieves a normal gene from one parent and a defective gene from the other parent.

can occur on any of the 22 non-sex chromosomes and have a 50% inheritence rate, gender is not a factor, and disorder differs with inheritance.

examples: Huntington's disease, neurofibromatosis, acho ndroplasia, familial hypercholesterolemia

Autosomal recessive inheritance: both parents carry the defective gene but they are not affected by the disorder.

there is a 25% chance of defective gene from both parents, a 50% chance of inheriting one gene to become a carrier, gender is not a factor in the pattern of the defective gene.

examples: Tay-Sachs disease, sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria (PKU)

X-linked (sex-linked) recessive inheritance: mother carries the affective gene on one of the two X chromosomes.

males inherite X chromosomes from their mothers and Y from their father; which gives the son a 50% chance of inheriting the disorder.

daughters have a 50% chance, but they are not affected by the disorder.

examples: Hemophilia A, Duchenne muscular dystrophy

X-linked Dominant: females are affected more so than males; more common for males if they are in the same generation if the mom is affected (because females have two X-chromosomes)

example: Hypophatemic rickets (Vitiamin Dresistant rickets, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.

Mitochondrial: can affect both males and femlaes, can only be passed by females due to all mitochondria of all children is from the mother, and can appear in every generation.

examples: Lebrer's hereditary optic neuropathy and Kearns-Sayre syndrome