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21 December, 13:38

Using the molecular orbital model to describe the bond - ing in F2?, F2, and F2?, predict the bond orders and the relative bond lengths for these three species. How many unpaired electrons are present in each species?

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  1. 21 December, 14:39
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    Answer: F2 : bond order = 1.0

    F2+: bond order = 1.5

    F2 - : bond order = 0.5

    Explanation:

    1. Starting with F2+

    The configuration gives;

    F2 + = 9F = 1S2.2S2.2P5

    = 9F + = 1S2.2S2.2P4 (this shows it gives out an electron)

    Electronic configuration = σ 1S2σ*1S2σ2S2σ*2S2σ2Pz2 π2Px2 = π2Py2 π*2Px2 = π*2Py1

    The number of Electrons = (9*2) - 1 = 18 - 1 = 17

    Bonding electrons (Nb) = 10

    Antibonding electrons (Na) = 7

    Bond order = (10-7) / 2 = 3/2 = 1.5

    Number of unpaired electrons = 1

    2. Starting with F2

    The configuration gives;

    F2 = 9F = 1S2.2S2.2P5

    9F = 1S2.2S2.2P5 (this shows no loss of an electron)

    Electronic configuration = σ 1S2σ*1S2σ2S2σ*2S2σ2Pz2 π2Px2 = π2Py2 π*2Px2 = π*2Py2

    The number of Electrons = (9*2) = 18 electrons

    Bonding electrons (Nb) = 10

    Antibonding electrons (Na) = 8

    Bond order = (10-8) / 2 = 2/2 = 1.0

    Number of unpaired electrons = 0

    3. Starting with F2-

    The configuration gives;

    F2 - = 9F = 1S2.2S2.2P5

    10F-- = 1S2.2S2.2P6 (this shows an addition of an electron)

    Electronic configuration = σ 1S2σ*1S2σ2S2σ*2S2σ2Pz2 π2Px2 = π2Py2 π*2Px2 = π*2Py2 σ*2Pz

    The number of Electrons = (9*2) + 1 = 19 electrons

    Bonding electrons (Nb) = 10

    Antibonding electrons (Na) = 9

    Bond order = (10-9) / 2 = 1/2 = 0.5

    Number of unpaired electrons = 1

    To get the order of bond as well as length, we know that;

    Bond order directly proportional to 1 / Bond length

    Therefore the Ascending Bond length = F2 + ˂ F2 ˂ F2-
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