What is the charge of an ion that contains 10 electrons, 13 protons, and 15 neutrons

The no. of neutrons is a distractor. Only the no. electrons versus the no. of protons determines ionic charge. The charge of the ion is 2+.

Explanation:

Of course, the electronic charge of the ion depends on the no. of positively charged nuclear particles, versus the no. of fundamental negatively charged particles, i. e, protons versus electrons. since there are 2 more positive charges than electrons, the charge is + 2.

Now, not only can we determine the charge of the ion, we can determine the identity of the ion. How? Because the no. of protons, Z,

positively charged nuclear particles, determines the identity of the element. What is it?

We have the identity of the element, the no. of neutrons, neutrally charged, massive nuclear species, tell us which isotope.

E. g, We could represent the deuterium isotope as 2H. Because it is an hydrogen atom, Z = 1; there is one proton, 1 positively charged nuclear particles. Because this is a neutral atom. I know there is 1 electron. But there is another massive particle in the nucleus (why?), a neutron, and here deuterium is distinguished from the common variety of 1 H nucleus.