Compare and contrast the Bohr model and the electron cloud models of the atom.

Bohr's Atomic Model incorporates the ideas expressed above, to postulate the following statements:

The electron can only move a certain distance from the nucleus, which determines an orbit or energy level (also called a layer). So this orbit is a well-defined circular path around the nucleus where electrons can be.

When energy is delivered to an atom, the electron can absorb it and pass into an orbit of greater radius and greater energy. In this case, it is said that the electron is in an excited state. When the electrons of an atom are not excited, the atom is in a fundamental state.

To pass from one orbit to another, the electron must absorb or emit an amount of energy equal to the difference in energy between one level and the other. Orbits are designated with the quantum number n. The electron can only be found in one of the orbits and not in the spaces between them.

But even though he could orbits where electrons spin, Bohr could not explain the exact or probable location of electrons in an atom.

It was Erwin Schrodinger who explained the probability of finding an electron in an atom, thus perfecting Bohr's atomic model. His model describes the movement of electrons as standing waves. Electrons move constantly, that is, they do not have a fixed or defined position within the atom. Therefore, this model does not predict the location of the electron. Only establish a probability zone to locate the electron. These areas of probability are called atomic orbitals. Orbitals describe a movement of translation around the nucleus of the atom. These atomic orbitals have different levels and sub-levels of energy, and can be defined between electron clouds. Schrodinger used the emission spectra of the atom for his postulates.

Finally, the main difference between both models is in the location of the electron in an atom.

Here we have to compare the Bohr atomic model with electron cloud model.

In the Bohr's atomic model the electrons of an element is assumed to be particle in nature. Which was unable to explain the deBroglie' hypothesis or the uncertainty principle and has certain demerits.

The uncertainty principle reveals the wave nature of the electrons or electron clod model. The Bohr condition of a stable orbits of the electron can nicely be explained by the electron cloud model, the mathematical form of which is λ = nh/mv, where, λ = wavelength, n is the integral number, h = Planck's constant, m = mass of the electron and v = velocity of the electron.

The integral number i. e. n is similar to the mathematical form of Bohr's atomic model, which is mvr = nh/2π. (r = radius of the orbit).

Thus, the electron cloud model is an extension of the Bohr atomic model, which can explain the demerits of the Bohr model. Later it is revealed that the electron have both particle and wave nature. Which is only can explain all the features of the electrons around a nucleus of an element.