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9 August, 20:21

The average kinetic energy of water molecules increases when -

A: H2O (s) changes to H2O (l) at 0°C

B: H2O (l) changes to H2O (s) at 0°C

C: H2O (l) at 10°C changes to H2O (l) at 20°C

D: H2O (l) at 20°C changes to H2O (l) at 10°C

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  1. 9 August, 22:57
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    Answer: option C: H2O (l) at 10°C changes to H2O (l) at 20°C

    Explanation:

    To solve this questions use the fact the temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance.

    For a given substance, the higher the temperature the higher kinetic energy, the lower the temperature the lower the kinetic energy

    That is a statement derived from the kinetic theory.

    The kinetic energy states that as the temperature of a substance increases, so do the average velocity of its particles and so the average kinetic energy.

    Thas is why gases have a higher kinetic energy than liquids and liquids have a higher kinetic energy than solids.

    The options A : H2O (s) changes to H2O (l) at 0°C and B: H2O (l) changes to H2O (s) at 0°C describe changes at constant temperature, so in them the average kinetic energy does not change.

    The option C: H2O (l) at 10°C changes to H2O (l) at 20°C, as said, is the right answer because it is a process in which the temperature is increasing, so the average kinetiic energy is also increasing.

    The option D: H2O (l) at 20°C changes to H2O (l) at 10°C corresponds to a decrease of the kinetic energy, since the temperature is decreasing.
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