Which of these is most likely to form between elements transferring electrons to form oppositely charged particles?

Answer is: an ionic bond.

Ionic bond forms when a cation transfers its extra electron to an anion who needs it.

For example compound magnesium chloride (MgCl ₂) has ionic bond (the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions). Magnesium transfers two electrons (became positive cation) to chlorine (became negative anion).