What type of malware can hijack internal windows components and often goes undetected because it is already loaded when the antivirus software loads?

Rootkits are deeply embedded malware that are typically loaded at boot time, so they are not actually in your operating system. AV software can't see them. The solution against rootkits is to have a computer using a secure boot mechanism. Your PC will cryptographically verify the boot software and simply will not allow an unknown boot program to start.

Microsoft requires PC's to support secure boot, in order to deserve the Windows 10 logo sticker.